Typewriting machine



April 28; 1931- R. voN REPPERTv TYPEWRITING MACHINE 2 sheets-sheet FiledNov. 21, 1927 INVENTORc pril 28, 1931. R VON REPPERT 1,803,082

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Nov.l21. 1927 2 sheets-sheet` 2 ATTORNY.

Patented Apr. 28, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RICHARD VONl REPPERT,OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, AS-SIGNOR TO UNDERWOOD' ELLIOTT FISHERCOMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE TYPEWRITINGMACHINE tached thereto into the magnetic field of the= rotating cylinderthat operates to iinish the stroke of the key-lever by power to projectthe connected type-bar to the typing position.

My application, No. 221,451, filed September 23, 1927, provides akey-lever, a type-baractuating lever and an intermediary member havingan interruptive connection with the key-lever and a driving connectionwith4 the type-bar-lever, wherebyl the depression of a key shifts theintermediary member into the rotary magnetic field of the cylinder to beactuated by the latter to throw the type-bar independently of thekey-lever, and permit 'the return of the key-lever independently of thetyping movement.

My present invention provides a structural combination for the rotatingcylinder and reciprocable armature, whereby mechanical clutching facesare brought into co-operative pressed-together relation through themagnetic attraction of the cylinder, and are rendered effective by agreatly reduced magnetism for the rotating cylinder to actuate thetype-bar to type, as distinguishable from my two prior applications,where electromagnetic attraction wholly supplies the clutching powerbetween flat coacting faces of both cylinder and armature.

'To this end, the magnetic cylinder is provided with V-shaped peripheralgrooves, one groove for each intermediary, and each intermediary havinga correspondingV-shaped cross-section. The two V-shaped members, nestingone vwithin the other, present an effective mechanical clutchingcombination that is operative under a nominal pressure supplied byelectro-magnetism is especially Icreasing the armature-driving power derived from the cylinder, and operates with a substantial reduction ofmagnetic force and a corresponding reduction inthe consumption ofelectric current.

The principle involved forthis mechanicab clutching organization issimilar to the wellknown.V-groove form of power-transmission frominterlocking wedge-faced or tapering friction-wheels, which are concededto produce the greatest resistance against slipping with a minimum ofapplied pressure, when an interruptive, silent and smooth transmissionof poweris desired.

In the present instance, the tangential force transmitted to the pendentarmatures by the wedging or clutching action of the rotary cylinder isequal to the product of the applied pressure and the coeflicient offriction between the tapering grooved faces of the cylinder, where eachface has an established inclination of approximately seven degrees,

or an included angle of fourteen degrees, forA the coactingarmature-faces, and which combination ordinarily provides yfor thedisengagement of V-clutching faces without undue sticking or cohesionwhen applied pressure is removed from them.

inafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is i a central, vertical sectionVthrough an Underwood standard typewrit-l ing machine, showing only suchparts of the typewriting mechanism necessary to co-operate with thepower-driven mechanisms forming the subject-matter ofthis invention.

A' Figure 2 is an enlarged view, in perspective, of the extremeleft-hand key of the keyboard and its connecting and operating partsthat o o-operate with the power-driven magnetized cylinder;

Figure 3 is a diagram of the circuits that include a motor-startingswitch and a rheostat in the cylinder-circuit to regulate the Otherfeatures and advantages will here-- degreey of magnetism forthefpower-driven type-bar-actuating cylinder.

Figure 4 is a partial `front elevation in vertical section, thesectional plane of the left-hand haltl of the figure being taken infront of the lower bank of keys, and the plane of the right-hand half ofthe ligure being taken just in front of the driving cylinder.

Figure 5 is an enlarged view in section, showing the intermediary orarmature in clutching engagement with a corresponding friction-groove inthe driving cylinder.

Figure 6 is an operational view, showing a key depressed against a stopto vibrate an intermediary member into the magnetic clutching lield ofthe rotating magnetized actuator, which, in rotating in the direction ofthearrow, has drawn the intermediary downward and the connected partshave conveyed movement to the type-bar to raise the latter to thefull-line position in front of the platen, at which position the nonmag-A netic cam-face of said intermediary is about tating cylinder.

to perform its function of separating.,r the armature from the magneticcontrol of the ro- Figure 7 is a fragmentary view of Figure 6 showingthe intermediary or armature carmed down from the position of Figure 6to a point where the nonmagnetic cam has swung the intermediary outsidethe magnetic field of the rotating cylinder, whic shifts the type-bar tothe dotted position of Figure 6, and, from which dotted position,

the type-bar will swingto the platen, under -its own momentum, to type.

Figure 8 is an enlarged view of a novel manner for adjustably securingthe backingup and intermediary separating or spacing comb at each end tothe frame of the machine.

For the purpose of the present invention, the usual Underwood key-leversare superseded by keyless levers 10, fulcrumed at their rear ends to abar 11, and provided with individal springs 12, operative to normallyhold each lever against the stop-face of a front-spacing comb 13,extending transversely over said levers to guide and maintain theirparallelism at the front ends thereof.

- Each lever 10yhas a driving stud 133,1operative within a slot 14 ofthe short arm 15 of a bell-crank 16, vibrating about a fulcrumrod 17when the lever 10 is vibrated. The

long arm 18 of each bell-crank carries a driving stud.19 atthe upperfree end, that releasably interlocks with a slot 20 formed in a.type-bar 21, that swings about a curved fulcrum-wire' 22 to register thetype-faces at a common typing point on the platen 23 at each depressionof the lever 10. The upward and rearward swing of each type-bar 21, justin advance of the typing position, collides with a universal bar 24,swingable rearwardly to vibrate the usual carriage-feeding mechanism' 25to letter-feed the carriage at each typing movement. The platen 23 isro' tatably mounted in a carriage 26 that travels in a letter-spacedirection upon rails 27, under the influence'of a spring-motor 28,connected by a tape 29 to the carriage in the well-known Underwoodmanner.

Adjacent the front end of each lever l0 the adjusted relations thereof,and providing a free swinging movement for the armature. The cylinder32`may be constructed along the lines described in my prior application,

. No. 219,607, where disk-sections 33 are assembled end to end upon adriving shaft 34, and each disk formed with compartments 35 for housingcoil-units 36 having their terminalwires joined in series through thecylinder to form a continuous circuit between commutator-rings 37secured to the shaft 34 at each end of the assembled cylinder 32.Alternate coils 36'are wound in opposite directions to alternatelychange the polarity of the assembled disks 33. Each ring '37 may have abrush 38 supported by and insulated from the frame of the machine andwired to a motor-circuit in such'a manner that the start` ingvof a motor39 will simultaneously close vthe circuit through the series of coils toIn my prior applications, previously meni tioned, in vibrating thearmatures into the magnetic field of the rotating cylinder, thearmatures presented flat faces for coaction with the iiat circular faceof the magnetized cylinder, and, as the width of each armatureface waslimited to less vthan threefsixteenths of an inch, which may be astandard spacing of the levers 10, inadequate armature-face area andexcessive current for the'coils might be required to establishsuiiicient gripping or attractive power to convey motion from themagnetized cylinder-face to the fiat face of the armature to reciprocatethe latter, and which might result in overheating of the coils. Toobviate this trouble, should it be found to exist, it is the purpose ofthe present improvement to provide a tongue and groove constructionhaving an armature with a maximum friction face-area and to dispose ofthis area in such a manner that gripping mechanical clutch-faces areprovided for both the armature .and for the cylinder, and the magneticfeatures of the cylinder will only be employed to magnetically hold themechanical clutching faces in operative clutching en- 'i langular faces41, that provide the armature with a long tooth'or tongue that isrideable edgewiseacross the surface of the cylinder to convey a straightdown pull to the levers Each disk 33 is formed of a central peripheralgroove 42 having a contour similar to the contour of the armature, andthe edges of each section 33 are chamfered or beveled, as at 43, so thatthe built-up abutment of two disks, end to end, form a groove similar tothat at 42. It will be noted at Figure 5, that each groove 42 may be cuteXtra deep so as to form a clearance-gap 44 to allow for wear upon thesoft faces 41 of the armatures 30.

To accurately align the armatures 30 to the grooves 42 in the cylinder,a bar 45 may be secured to the under edge of each side frame to bridgethe two side walls thereof. This bar may be formed with open slots 45ain one edge to guide and space the lower ends of the armatures 30, thearmatures being normally rheld therein by a suitable spring 46 tensionedbetween each armature and the fre'e end of its lever 10. Each armature30 may be further provided with an anti-friction roll 47 mounted withinthe slots 45, and each armature bearing againstits roll. under thetensionof a spring 46. These rolls 47 may be mounted upon a. rod 48 setin grooves 49 and held` therein by clips 50 secured to the ends of thebar 45.

It is an advantage that the bar 45 be adjustably secured to the frame,so that the rolls 47, as a series, may be advanced or withdrawn from thecylinder to determine a normal position for the armatures that shall beonly slightly removed from the magnetic field or attraction of thecylinder, and require little vibratory movement thereof from akeydepression to establish coaction between armatures and cylinder. As'shown at Figure 8, instead of securing each end ofthe bar 45 to the sideframe of the machine, brackets 51 may be secured to the side frames toextend inwardly where the free ends are arranged to support the ends ofthe bar 45. The corners at each end of the bar 45 may be removed toprovide a forty-five degree edge 52, and provided with cone-screws 53threaded into the brackets to bear against the edges 52 and provide aline displacement of the bar 45, either towards the cylinder -todetermine the normal position 'of the armatures, or longitudinallyofthefcylinder to align the armatures' to the groove, these lscrewsservingas both a bar-shifting and bar-retaining means for eachend of thebar 45.

In my aforesaid application, No. 219,607,

means are carried by each armature, that become operative during thethrow of the armature, to cam the armature by its throw at apredetermined point out of the magnetic field of the cylinder just priorto the typing movement. These means include a non-magnetic cam thatbecomes an entering wedge between the armature and the rotatingcylinder, and, owing to its non-magnetic characteristics, becomesoperative to sever the magnetic attraction of the cylinder andco-operate With the .cam to release the armature. Similarly, eacharmature 30 may be provided with a brass or non-magnetic camming insert54 secured to each armature in any well-known manner, and operative, as

' already described, to sever the armature from the magnetic orclutching control of the cylinder at the end of a typing operation.

To effect the selective vibration of the armatures 30 into the magneticfield of the cylinder 32, numeral keys 55 and character keys 56 areprovided with key-levers 57 mounted upon a fulcrum-rod 58 secured toeach side wall of the machine-frame, said levers being supported uponthe rod by spacing washers 59 which align the keys for a standardkeyboard-spacing. Each lever 57 may be integrally formed with a pendentarm 60, provided near its lower end with a trip-pawl 61, fulcrumed upona screw 62, threaded into said arm 60, and formed with an arm 63normally bearing against a stop-pin 64 under the tension of a spring65,connect-ing the free end of the arm 6 3 with a stop-bar 66, bridging thekeyboard and secured at the ends thereof to the side frames. Thus, by asingle spring 65, the pawl 61 is tensioned against the stop-pin 64 onthe arm 60, and key-lever 57 is tensioned against the stop-bar 66. Tocoact with each pawl 61, a stud 67 projects from the side face of itsassociated armature 30.

When any key 55 or 56 is depressed, the corresponding movement of thearm 60 swings the pawl 61 into engagement with the stud 67 against thetension of the spring 65.

The stud 67, when so driven by the pawl 61,

vibrates the armature 30 aga-inst the tension VA'of the spring 46. Whenthe armature 30 enters the magnetic field of the cylinder, the

magnetic action removes the armature from further control of the pawl 61by drawing the faces 41 into clutching engagement with the alignedgroove 42 in the cylinder. Were the cylinder stationary and themagnetlsm of the cylinder destroyed, the gripping of the clutching facesunder the magnetic impact might be found suiicient to effect theactuation of the lever 1 0, were the cylinder drawn down bodilyin astraight line. The pull upon the armature, however, is a rollllO ingpull, and the rotation of the cylinder per se would operate to severthese clutching faces, but the magnetic attraction ot' the cylinder,which causes the clutching faces to cleave together during the surfacechanging or rolling contact between the cylinder and thc arn'iature,`provides a continuous pressure to hold the armature in rolling andclutching engagement, and conveys motion to the armature in a.tangential direction aligned to the pivot of the armature upon the leverl0 for a substantially straight down pull. As shown at Figure when thearmature 30 has been drawn to the position shown. it will be observedthat the non-magnetic cam 54 has cut one-half ot the magneticattract-ion of the cylinder and is about to' cam the armature to severthe remaining clutching forces by the parts assuming the position shovvnat Figure 7, where the armature has been cammed free from the cylinderand is about to .respond to the tension o't` the spring 46 and be drawnagainst its roll 17. The type-bar, in the meantime, has been advancedfrom the `full-line position to the dotted position at Figure 6. Themomentum of the parts carries the type-bar from the dotted position atFigure 6, tol strike the platen and recoil under its impact assisted bythe restoring spring 12 of the lever l0.

The key-levers 57 are depressible against an adjustable stop-bar 68,and, should a. key be held depressed against said bar', the restoringmovement of the armature 30 will cause the stud 67 to tripby thedepressed pawl (31 by flexing the spring 65 and making it impossiple totype duplicates from a held-down keyever.

From this description, it will be noted that this power-driven typingsystem includes detached key-levers, detached type-bar-operating levers,and intermediary members or couplers, said intermediary members having adriving connection with the type-barlevers, an interruptive connectionwith the key-levers, and an interrupted reciprocable connection with apower-driven .constantlyrotating electromagnetized cylinder, whereby thedepression of a key vibrates the intermediary member into the clutchinginfluence of the rotating cylinder to convey a tangential driving forceto said intermediary member, and project the type-bar to the typingposition; that the intermediary member is an armature pendentlysupported by the type-bar-lever and includes gripping wedge-facesmechanically rio-operative with corresponding Wedge-faces carried by thecylinder, to effect transmittive clutching relations, and magneticallyco-operative with said cylinder to maintain a degree of working pressurethrough magnetic attraction, to render the clutch relations with thecylinder continuous for a predetermined typing G5 period; that thearmature-,pendants are V- shaped in cross-section to increase thesurface area presentable to the magnetic influence of the cylinder toincrease the friction and correspondingly reduce the Working pressurederived from the electromagnetized cylinder; that the reduction in themagnetism of the cylinder to reduce the Working pressure on the V-shapedarmatures correspondingly reduces the current required for the'coilsthat magnetizc the cylinder; that the interrupted connection between thekey-levers and armatures removes any possibility for multiple typedimpressions from a held-down key; and that typed impressions will have auniform inked density Aindependently of the manner of manipulating thekeys.

It will also be noted that the magnetized cylinder 32 becomes a.universal rotary friction-clutching member, and that the armature 3()pendent from each key-lever con- 85 stitntes individual frictionclutchable elements cooperative with the cylinder through magneticattraction, to convert the rotary motion vof the cylinder into areciprocation lfor any key-vibrated armature to drive a lever to type.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, andportions of the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, aseries of keys, operating means for the type-bars including a series ofcouplers, one for each bar, a power-driven magnetized cylinder havingperipheral grooves, one groove for each coupler, and each groove havingcouplergripping characteristicsv re-enforced by the `magnctic state ofthe cylinder, and means operable by the keys and eective to bring eachcoupler into the magnetic clutching field of a groove to drive thecoupler.

2. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, aseries of keys, operating means for the type-bars includmg a series ofcouplers, one for each bar, a-povverdriven magnetized cylinder havingperipheral grooves, one groove for each coupler, and each groove havingcoupler-gripping characteristics re-enforced by the magnetic state ofthe cylinder, and means operable to selectively and initially force anycoupler into the magnetic clutching field of a groove by the keys andeffective to drive the coupler and its type-bar.

3. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a series of type-bars,o. operating means therefor including a series of couplers, one for eachbar, a power-driven shaft having peripheral grooves, one groove for eachcoupler, and each groove having couplergripping characteristics, keysoperative to selectively present any coupler to its groove, and meansinherent in the shaft eective to supply a friction-inducing pressure forany coupler presented to its groove to operate the coupler.

4. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a series of type-bars,of operating means therefor including a series of couplers, one for eachbar, a poWer-driven'shaft having peripheral grooves, one groove for eachcoupler, and each groove having coupler-gripping characteristics, keysoperative to selectively present any coupler to its groove, meansinherent in the shaft always effective to supply a friction-inducingpressure for any coupler presented to its groove to operate the coupler,and means integral with the coupler and operative by the shaftdrivenmovement thereof to negative the frictional pressure and release thecoupler.

5. In a typewriting machine, the combina-y tion with a series oftype-bars, of means for operatingsaid type-bars including a powerdrivenmagnetic cylinder,- and a. series of armature-couplers, one coupler foreach typebar, each coupler having clutching faces to be driven, thecylinder having cooperating driving clutching grooves, one for eachcouplier, the magnetism of the cylinder effecting a pressing engagementbetween any coupler and its groove to render the rotating cylinderoperative to drive the coupler. l

6. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a seriesl oftype-bars, of means for operating said type-bars including a powerdrivenmagnetic cylinder, a series of armature-couplers, and a series of keys,one key for vibrating each coupler, 'each coupler having clutching facesto be driven, the cylinder having cooperating driving clutching grooves,one groove for each coupler, the magnetism of the cylinder inducing apressing engagement between any key-vibrated coupler and its groove, torender the rotating cylinder operative -to drive the couplerindependently of the key.

7. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a series of type-bars,of means for operating said type-bars including a powerdriven magneticcylinder, a. series of armature-couplers, one coupler for each type-bar,a series of keys, one .key for vibrating each coupler, each couplerhaving clutching faces to be driven, the cylinder having co-operatingdriving clutching grooves, one groove for each coupler, the magnetism ofthe cylinder inducing a pressing engagement between any key-vibratedcoupler and its groove, to render the rotating cylinder operative todrive the coupler independently of the key, and means carried by eachcoupler operative during the cylinder-driven movement thereof, tonegative the magnetic effect ofthe cylinder and release the coupler fromits driving means.

8. In a typewriting machine, the Acombination with a series oftype-bars, a series of,

keys,aseries of operating levers, one for each gaging grooves, onegroove one coupler for each type-bar, y

bar, and a series of couplers, one for each lever, of apower-drivenrotating magnetized shaft having peripheral coupler-gripping grooves,one groove for each coupler, the magnetized state of the shaft beingeffective to re-enforce the grip on the coupler within a groove whenpresented by a key to frictionally operate the coupler.

9. In a typewriting machine, tion with a series of type-bars, a seriesof operating levers, one for each bar, and a series of couplers, one foreach lever, of a powerdriven shaft having peripheral coupler-enfor eachcoupler, and means inherent in the shaft operative to l press eachcoupler within its groove and fricto di'ive the type-bars including acontinu- 'niv ously-rotating magnetic universal friction clutch-member,an /armature clutch-member connected to reciprocate with each type-bar,keys disconnected from their type-bars but operable to predetermine theclutching engagement between their individual armatures and theuniversal clutch-member when brought together by magnetism to maintainclutching engagement, and means to disengage the reciprocating armatureto release the' type-har to type.

l2. In a typewriting machine having typehars, the combination ofpower-driven means to drive the type-bars including acontinuously-rotating universal friction clutch-member, a normallyinoperative individual friction clutch-member connected to each typebar,keys disconnected from their type-bars but operable to predetermine'aclutching engagement between their individual clutchmembers and theuniversal clutch-member to drive a type-bar, magnetic means for at leastone clutch-member to maintain a type-bardriiving clutch engagement, andmeans carried by each individual clutch-member and 'engageable with therotating clutch-member each type-bar, keys disconnected from theirtype-bars but operable to predetermine a clutching engagement betweentheir individual clutch-members and the universal clutch-member to drivea type-bar, magnetic means for the rotating member to maintain atype-bar-driving' clutch engagement, and means carried by eachindividual clutch-member and engageable with the rotating clutch memberto disengage the type-bar clutchmember by its throw and release thedriven type-bar to type.

14. In a typewriting machine having typebars, the combination ofpower-driven means to drive the type-bars -including acontinuously-rotating universal friction clutch-member, a normallyinoperative reciprocable individual friction clutch-member connected toeach type-bar, keys disconnected from their type-bars but operable topredetermine a clutching engagement between their individualclutch-members and the universal clutch-member to drive a type-bar,magnetic means for at least one clutch-member to maintain atype-bar-driving clutch engagement, and a wedge reciprocable with eachindilvidual clutch-member and engageable with the rota-tingclutch-member to separate said members and release the driven type-barto type.

15. In a typewriting machine having typebars, the combination ofpower-driven means including a continuously rotating universal frictionclutch-member to actuate the t ebars, an individual friction clutch-memer connected to each type-bar, keys disconnected from their type-barsbut operable when d epressed to predetermine the clutching engagementfor each individual clutch-member with the universal clutch-member,magnetic means to maintain the key-set clutching engagement, and meanscarried by each individual clutchmember operative to disengage theclutch, said last-mentioned means including a wedgemember renderedoperative by the throw of the individual clutch-member to be interposedbetween said individual member and the magnetic means.

16. In a typewriting machine having typebars, the combination ofpower-driven means including a continuously rotating electromagnetizeduniversal clutch-member having a plurality of mechanical clutch-faces toindividually actuate the type-bars, an individual mechanicalclutch-member connected to each type-bar, and keys operative toselectively bring each individual'clutch-member into co-operation withthe clutch-faces of the universal member for a type-bar-actuatingreciprocable movement, the mechanical clutching engagement between theindividual clutch-members and the universal elutch-v faces renderedoperable through a pressure derived'ff'rom .the magnetic attraction ofthe 5 universal clutch-member.

operation with the clutch-faces of the uni- Vversal member .for a-typesbar-actuating rc- -eiprocable movement, 'the 'mechanical clutchingengagement between the individual clutch-'members and the universalclutchfaces rendered operable through .a pressure derived from themagnetic attraction Iof the universal clutch-member., fand means carriedby each individual clutch-member operable .at the end :of atype-'bar-'actuating .movement thereof .to 'free said clutch-member-from :said pressure to release'fthe individual clutch-.memer and itsactuatedconnections.

V18. In a 'typewriting machine having 'typebars, the combination .of'power-.driven means to drive the type-bars .including acontinuouslyfrotating .magnetic universal friction clutch-member, -an'individua-l friction clutch-member connected lto reciprocate with eachtype-bar and engageable with the universal member through lmechanicalmeans reenforced bymagnetism, keys .disconnected from their type-'barsbut 'operable when -depressed to yeii'ecta clutching engagement betweeneach individual clutch-member and the magnetized universalclutch-member, and means reciprocable with-its individual clutch-memberand operable to remove said member fromthe magnetic pressure of therotating member.

19. In a typewriting machine having typebars the combination ofpowendriven means to drive the type-bars Vincluding acontinuously-rotating magnetic universal .friction clutch-member, anindividual friction clutchmember connected to reciprocate with eachtype-bar and engageable with the universal member through mechanicalmeans re-enforced by magnetism, keys disconnected from their type-barsbut operable when depressed to eliec't a clutching .engagement betweeneach individual clutch-member and the magnetized universalclutch-member, and means formed with each individual clutch-member andautomatically -operable during the typebar-driving reciprocation of saidclutchmember, to wedge said member out of the magnetic grip of the.rotating member.

20. In a typewriting machine having type bars, the combination ofpower-driven means including .a continuously rotating electromagnetizeduniversal clutch-member having a plurality of mechanical clutch-faces toinn dividually actuate the type-bars, an individual mechanicalclutchmember connected to each type-bar, keys operativel to selectivelybring each individual clutch-member into cooperation with the universalclutch-member, the mechanical clutching engagement between theindividual clutch-members and the universal clutch-faces renderedoperable through a pressure derived from the mag netic attraction of theuniversal clutch-inember, and means brought into position to disengagethe individual clutch-members from the pressure of the rotatinguniversal clutchmember.

21. In a typewriting machine having typebars, the combination ofpower-driven means including a continuously rotating electromagnetizeduniversal clutch-member'having a plurality of mechanical clutch-faces toindividually actuate the type-bars, an individual mechanicalclutch-member connected to each type-bar, keys operative to selectivelybring each individual clutch-member into cooperation with the universalclutch-member, the mechanical clutching engagement between theindividual clutch-members and the universal clutch-faces renderedvoperable through a pressure derived from the mag netic attraction of theuniversal clutch-member, and means brought into position to disengagethe individual clutch-members from the pressureof the rotating universalclutchmember, said means including a wedge-member 'movable with eachindividual clutchmember to mechanically separate the latter from theuniversal member.

22. In a typewriting machine having typebars, the combination ofpower-driven means including a continuously rotating electromagnetizeduniversal clutch-member having a plurality of mechanical'clutch-faces toindividually actuate the type-bars, an individual mechanicalclutch-member connected to each type-bar, keys operative to selectivelybring each individual clutch-member into cooperation with the universalclutch-member, the mechanical clutching engagement be. tween theindividual clutch-members and the universal clutch-faces renderedoperable through a pressure derived from the magnetic attraction of theuniversal clutch-meinber, and means brought into position to dis# engageeach individual clutch-member from the pressure ofthe rotating universalclutchmember, said means including a non-magnetic member movable withthe individual' clutch-member and Operative to sever said clutch-memberfrom the magnetic clutch of the universal clutch-member. l

23. Ina typewriting machine having typebars, the combination ofpower-driven means including a continuously rotating electromagnetizeduniversal clutch-member having a plurality of mechanical clutch-faces toindividually actuate the type-bars, an individual mechanicalclutch-member connected to each type-bar, keys operative to selectivelybring each individualclutch-member into cooperation with the universalclutch-member,

tive during the actuation of said individual clutch-member to jointlysever the magnetic effect of the universal clutch-memberand break themechanical clutch between the clutch-members. v

24. In a typewriting machine having typebars, the combination ofpower-driven means to drive the type-bars including acontinuously-rotating electromagnetized universal clutch-member havingV-shaped friction grooves, individual armature-members connected to eachtype-bar and having a tongue engageable with the V-grooves of saiduniversal member, keys operable when depressed to bring thearmature-members into the magnetic ield of the universal-clutch-member,and means operable to disengage each armatnre-member at the end of itsthrow from the magnetism of the clutch-member.

25. In atypewriting machine having typebars,the combination ofpower-driven means to drive the type-bars including acontinuously-rotating magnetized universal clutchmember havingV-shaped-friction grooves, one groove for each'type-bar, individualarmature-members connected to each type-bar and having a V-sha ed tongueengageable with the V-grooves o said universal member, keys operablewhen depressed to effect a clutching engagement between a tongue of thearmature-members and a V-groove of the universal clutch-member, and aV-shaped non-magnetic means carried by each armature-clutch member andoperative to sever the magnetic grip of said clutch-members by i thethrow of the armature.)

26. In a typewriting machine having typebars, the combination ofpower-driven means for driving the type-bars including acontinuously-rotating electromagnetized universal clutch-member havingV-shaped friction grooves, individual mechanically clutchingarmature-members connected to each type'- bar and having a V-shapedtongue engageable `with the V-grooves and thrown by said universalmember, keys operable when depressed to effect a clutching engagementbetween the V-armature-members and the V-grooves of the universalclutch-member,- and a V-shaped non-magnetic camming'- means carried byeach armature-clutch-member and operative to sever both the magnetic andthe mechanical grip of the universal clutch-member by the throw of thearmature.

27. In a typewriting machine, the combination ofV a printing mechanism,a powerdriven member for operating the same, including a V-shapedfriction-coupler pivoted to a lever of the printing mechanism andarranged to be thrown by an electro-mechanical friction engagement withsaid powerdriven' member, and a key-lever operable when depressed toswing said coupler into the frictional control of said power-drivenmember, said power-driven member having magnetic characteristics thatre-inforce the frictional V-grip of the coupler independently of the keypressure for a typing interval.

28. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a printing mechanism, apower-l driven member for operating the same, including afriction-coupler pivoted to a typebar lever of the printing mechanismand arranged to be thrown by an electro-mechanical friction engagementwith said power-driven member, a key-lever disconnected from said ytype-'bar lever but operable when depressed to swing said coupler intothe frictional grip of said power-driven member, said powerdrivenmember. having magnetic characteristics that maintain a constantfrictional grip of the coupler independently of the key for a typinginterval, a cam carried by each coupler operative to sever the magneticygrip of the power-driven member at the end of the typing throw of said,coupler, and pivotal adjusting means including an eccentric for eachcoupler effective to determine the typing throw of each coupler.

29. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars, a series of operating levers, one lever for each type-bar, aseries of normally-inoperative, attractiblle couplers, one couplerpivoted to each lever to hang pendent therefrom, a continuously rotatingpermanently magnetized cylinder, and

` a'series of key-levers, one lever for each coupler and operative tovibrate its coupler into the magnetic eld of the cylinder and be driventhereby, of mechanical clutching means for each coupler and for thecylinder that co-operate with the magnetic attraction of the cylinder todrive the coupler and actuate a type-bar.

30. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars, 'a'series ofoperating levers, one lever for each type-bar, aseries of normally-inoperative attractible couplers, one coupler pivotedto each lever to hang pendent therefrom, a continuously rotatingpermanently magnetized cylinder, and

a series of key-levers, one lever for each coupler and operative tovibrate its coupler into the .magneticy field of the cylinder and bedriven thereby, of mechanicalV clutching means between each coupler `andthe cylinder brought together 1and rendered operative by the magnetismof the cylinder, said yclutching means including reetiiinear wedge-facesfor each coupler, and coacting curvilinear grooves for the cylinder.

31. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars, a series of operating levers, one Jfor each type-bar, and aseries of .normally-inoperative couplers, one coupler secured to eachlever, of a powerdriven rotatable cylinder having a series of peripheralcoupler-engaging grooves, one groove for each coupler, meansestablishing a permanent magnetic field lfor the cylinder operative todraw a coupler into gripping engagement with a groove when said coupler.is presented to the magnetic field of the cylinder, and means toselectively present said couplers to be engaged and driven by saidgrooves.

32. In a typewriting machine, the combination 'with a series oftype-bars, a, series of operating levers, one for each type-bar, and aseries of normally-inoperative couplers, one coupler secured to eachlever, of a powerdriven rotatable cylinder having a series of peripheralcoupler-engaging grooves, one

groove for each coupler, means establishing a permanent magnetic eld forthe cylinder operative to draw a coupler into gripping engagemnt with agroove when said coupler is presented to the magnetic eld of thecylinder, and means to selectively present said couplers to be engagedand driven by said grooves, said last-named means including` a key-leverand acoupler-vibrating pawl for each coupler.

33. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars, a series of operating levers, one for each type-bar, and aseries of normally-inoperative couplers, one. coupler secured to eachlever, of a powerdriven rotatable cylinder having a series of peripheralcoupler-engaging grooves, one groove for each coupler, meansestablishing a permanent magnetic ield for the cylinder operative todraw a coupler'into gri ping engagement with a groove when sai coupleris presented to the magnetic iield of the cylinder, and means toselectively present said couplers to be engaged and driven by saidgrooves, said last-named means including key-levers having interrupteddepressions 'and each carrying a pawl having an inter- 35. In atypewriting machine, the combination with a set of types and a set ofrecip` rocatory tongues to operate said types, of a power-rotateddriver, said tongues normally vao adjacent said. rotating driver, saidrotating driver to e'ect further contact of the tongue and driver foroperating its type, and means for automatically disconnecting the tonguefrom the rotating driver and returning the tongue to normal position.

36. The combination of a power-revolved cylinder provided with a row ofcircumferential V-grooves, a row of clutch-tongues in the form ofarmatures adjacent to said cylinder,

types operable by said tongues, keys individual to said tongues, andmeans to enable each key to move its tongue to a point sullicientlywithin 'reach of the magnetic iniluence of said revolving cylinder, toenable said cylinder to draw the ton e frmlyinto the adjacent groove,with orce suiiicient to cause the rotation of the cylinder to operatethe tongue longitudinally and cause the type to print.

37. The combination of a power-revolved magnetized cylinder providedwith a row of circumferential V-grooves, a row of clutchtongues in theform of armatures adjacent to said cylinder, types operable by saidtongues, keys individual to said tongues, means to enable each key tomove its tongue to a point sufficiently within reach of the magneticinluence'of said revolvin cylinder,

to enable said cylinder to draw t e tongue firmly into the adjacentgroove, with force suilicient to cause the rotation of the c linder tooperate the tongue longitudinal y and cause the type to print, means forautomatically disconnecting said each key from its tongue, and means forreconnecting the key thereto.

RICHARD voN REPPERT.

